Thursday, January 26, 2006

Heat Exchanger Calculation

Typical Overall Heat Transfer coefficients (U) for Heat Exchangers.
This is a tabulation that can be used as an initial value for the Tentative Sizing online thermal calculator.
Link to information Information in New Window

Fouling

Description of fouling mechanisms. Tips for decreasing the buildup and cleaning the surface are provided.
Link to information Information in New Window

Typical Fouling Factors

Tabulation of Fouling Factors for several fluids and applications.
Link to information Information in New Window

Fluid Allocation

The allocation of the fluids on the shell or tube side is a decision that can have a significant impact on the performance, economics and maintainability of a heat exchanger. Some general guidelines and considerations are provided on this page.
Link to information Information in New Window

Standard Tubesizes

Tabulation of the standard US tube sizes, BWG and wall thicknesses.
Link to information Information in New Window

Recommended Tube Layout Pitch

Tabulation of the standard US tube sizes and the recommended pitch.
Link to information Information in New Window

TEMA Designation

An overview of the TEMA designation describing type of Heat Exchangers.
Link to information Information in New Window

Tuesday, January 24, 2006

Plant Design Part 4: Pressure Vessel

Processing, Storage Tanks, Pressure Vessels, Mixing Systems
Cerebro Mix
CerebroMix is a unique PC-based program which encompasses all the functionality of the other Cerebro products, CerebroTank, CerebroPV and CerebroMixLight. It is an indispensable tool for anyone involved in the evaluation and design of mixers in vertical tanks, either pressurized or atmospheric. Using input data such as primary dimensions, fluid properties and certain desired mixing objectives, the program will output full operating conditions, critical impeller speeds, liquid level gradation, solid suspension and all system dimensions.
Cerebro PV
CerebroPV is an easy-to-use PC program to assist in the evaluation and design of vertical and horizontal storage tanks, running either pressurized or at atmospheric conditions. Using input data such as principal dimensions, fluid density, material, desired tank shape (including heads) and support type, the software calculates structural characteristics for both the tank and the support structure using ASME Section VIII Division 1 standards. This software allows both users and manufacturers of pressure vessels to check their equipment for various operating conditions, in order to provide a risk assessment. The program produces output in the form of a Microsoft Word Document, with all data listed in tabular form, together with a scale drawing of the tank and its support structure.
Cerebro Tank
CerebroTank is an easy-to-use PC program to assist in the evaluation and design of vertical and horizontal storage tanks. Using input data such as geometric dimensions, fluid density, support type, tank material and shape (including heads), the software calculates structural characteristics for the tank and the supports (legs and saddles). Using the wall thicknesses provided by the software, the user can select from a database of standard plate thicknesses; these thicknesses will be factored depending on the degree of corrosiveness of the liquid. The program also gives flange thicknesses for the tank head, allowing for weld efficiency.

Plant Design Part 3: Heat Transfer Part 2

Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower Analysis is a powerful, user friendly, program for the analysis of induced, mechanical-draft, counterflow cooling towers. The program can be used for the analysis of existing towers or for the preparation of specifications for new towers.

Steam Heater

This program calculates the performance of a steam, shell-and-tube heat exchanger of known construction using rigorous formulations. Steam and water properties are built in. The type of fouling can be specified. The shell-side fluid is always steam. The tube side fluid can be any non-condensing fluid.

Heat Recovery Steam Generator

This program calculates the amount of steam that can be generated by a fired or unfired waste heat boiler (Heat Recovery Steam Generator). The steam and condensate properties are built in. The program first calculates a design mode and then an "off-performance mode" for changed conditions.

Insulation Economics

This program calculates the heat loss and surface temperature of an insulated pipe of specified diameter and internal temperature. It then calculates the present worth cost, $/foot, to own and operate each insulated system. This allows the user to select the optimum insulation thickness for each pipe based either on the cost of the insulation and heat loss or on the maximum acceptable surface temperature. Four types of insulation are supported. Pipe sizes through 36" are included. Three layers of insulation are supported ranging in thickness from 0 to 10".

Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger Performance is a powerful, user friendly, program for the analysis of two types of Heat Exchangers: Shell & Multi-Tube Exchangers, and Double Pipe Exchangers. In either case, the tubes are of the bare-tube type. The program will analyze the performance of a known heat exchanger: Given the flows and inlet temperatures of the Tube-side fluid and the Shell-side fluid, the program will predict the exit temperatures of both fluids and the total heat exchanged.

Plant Design Part 3: Heat Transfer

Heat Transfer
PHEdesign (Plate Heat Exchangers)
PHEdesign 1.0 program for simulations of the plate heat exchanger. By setting our controlled variables and material properties, the optimum plate dimensions and materials can be selected by the computer program. These are included rate of heat transfer, the size of plate heat exchanger, and chevron angle (beta) between 25 to 65 degrees under single pass condition. Also this program is capable of calculating the pressure drop in plate, from which the energy and material can be saved by decreasing the pressure drop (decreasing horsepower per unit area) and increasing chevron angle
Vesselpak
Vesselpak is the industry-standard for the analysis of heat transfer in process vessels and fermenters. The software allows complete specification by the user of vessel and jacket liquids, full dimensional information on vessel, jacket and internal coil, agitator details. The user can choose from a range of jacket types including conventional, agitated conventional, half-pipe coil, baffled conventional, dimple jacket. Output includes full details of heat transfer coefficients, heat transfer rates versus time and agitator absorbed power. Printed and graphical output are available.
Space heating load
This program calculates the maximum heating load required in a space (single zone) so that a furnace can be sized. Heat transfer coefficients are built in for many types of wall, floors, doors, windows, etc. Custom values can also be used. The heat needed for infiltration & humidity control are also calculated. Final furnace sizes are tabulated with several values of efficiency.
Surface Condenser
This program, for analysis of turbine steam condensers, can either calculate the performance of a known condenser, or can calculate the design requirements of a new condenser for a known steam load. The steam and condensate properties are built in. Also a complete range of tube properties are built in. The cleanliness of a given condenser can be etermined quickly using a trial and error method.

Plant Design Part 2: Physical Properties and Steam Tables 2

Chempak II

Chempak II enables the user to define the thermodynamic and transport properties of new compounds not already in the Chempak database. From as little information as the compound chemical formula, the user can build up a complete profile of the compound properties and add the compound to the Chempak database for future recall and calculation. Chempak II allows the user to enter known property data and also provides sophisticated estimation methods where no data is available. Chempak II provides the perfect companion software to Chempak.

Steam Properties

This program calculates the properties of superheated, saturated, or wet steam. In addition it calculates the properties of saturated water.

Steam Tables

(Metric and US units) This program provides the thermodynamic properties of water using IFC formulation for industrial use. Knowing any two properties, the user is able to completely define the properties of water/steam. Unlike most steam table programs, this program also provides the user with the point's location on the T-S diagram. Multiple points can be connected by a line, defining the user's process system. It even gives you the steam quality.

Physical Properties

Quickly, easily and reliably calculates thermodynamic and transport properties of gaseous, liquid and solid species.

Steam Approximations

quickly, easily and reliably calculates thermodynamic and transport properties of steam for both saturated and superheated areas.

Physical Properties and Steam Approximations

Quickly, easily and reliably calculates thermodynamic and transport properties of gaseous, liquid and solid species and steam approximations for both saturated and superheated areas.

Plant Design Part 2: Physical Properties and Steam Tables 1

Physical Properties and Steam Tables
TriMax^TM
Tri MAX^TM is a powerful software resource for the practicing engineer, chemist, or student. It is your best source of data. Through the use of menus: data and functionality are put at the finger tips of the power user. Tri MAX^TM provides data such as periodic table, steam tables, heat capacities, critical values, viscosities, diffusion coefficients, thermal conductivities. Math functions are also provided, such as linear regression, quadratic equation, curve fitting, and a calculator that goes far beyond the standard calculators available for Microsoft^TM Platforms.
zCalc
zCalc is a compressibility calculator for natural gas mixtures using the American Gas Association methodology from their AGA-8 Report. The software quickly takes a mixture of natural gas (up to 20 components) and calculates the compressibility, molar density, mass density, base compressibility and supercompressibility.
Steampak
Steampak is a high-accuracy steam and water physical properties database and process calculator. Steampak's algorithm is based on the equation of state of Keenan, Keyes, Hill and Moore which is the basis of the published International Steam Tables. The process calculator allows calculation of steam compression and expansion processes at user-selected efficiencies including isentropic & adiabatic expansions and flash calculations.
Chempak
Chempak is a powerful physical properties software package giving details of thermodynamic and transport properties of over 600 common organic and inorganic compounds as functions of temperature and pressure. All common chemical engineering constant and variable properties are included. Liquid and vapor phases are covered as well as saturated and unsaturated states. Mixtures of database compounds and new liquids can be defined. Numerical and graphical output are supported. Chempak links to Chempak II - Madison's user-defined compounds software package.

Plant Design Part 1: Economics

Economics
Cogeneration economics
Calculates the the return on investment, present worth, and payback for a power plant that produces electrical power or produces both electrical power and heat energy.
Flash tank economics
This program calculates the economic results that can be achieved by using a flash tank and a heat exchanger to recover boiler blowdown. The program calculates the amount of flash steam and saturated condensate that will separate when a high pressure, high temperature water steam is flashed in a tank of lower pressure. It then assigns a dollar value to each of the two components based on the value of fuel, boiler efficiency, etc.
Insulation economics
This program calculates the heat loss and surface temperature of an insulated pipe of specified diameter and internal temperature. It then calculates the present worth cost, $/foot, to own and operate each insulated system. This allows the user to select the optimum insulation thickness for each pipe based either on the cost of the insulation and heat loss or on the maximum acceptable surface temperature. Four types of insulation are supported. Pipe sizes through 36" are included. Three layers of insulation are supported ranging in thickness from 0 to 10".

Monday, January 23, 2006

Chemical Software Part 2: Pumps

Calculations

Pump Conditions

Pump Conditions and recommendation.
Calculation of the conditions for a pump and a recommendation of the type of pump that is suitable for these conditions. Includes analysis of the full in- and outlet piping and provides useful tips for design improvements.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window Info about calculation Info in New Window

Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal Pump calculation.
Designs a pump based on hydraulic calculations and presents results. The hydraulic calculations are very representative for actual pumps; include sophisticated methods to assess the number of stages, suction conditions (NPSH), power consumption etc. The calculations provide reliable preliminary data about the pump that can be used during studies, basic engineering or as an independent benchmark for bid evaluations.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window Info about calculation Info in New Window

Viscosity Corrections

Centrifugal Pump Viscosity Corrections according to Graphs published by Hydraulic Institute Standards.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window Info about calculation Info in New Window

Chemical Software Part 2: Line Sizing

Calculations

Process Fluid

Line Sizing for Process Fluid.
You can either input a maximum velocity or select a process fluid from a menu.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Utility

Line Sizing for Utility.
You can either input a maximum velocity or select a utility from a menu.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Density based

Simpson's method
Simpson developed a correlation for the maximum allowable velocity based on the density of the medium.
You can either input a maximum velocity or use Simpson's method.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Equipment Line related

Line Sizing for lines connected to equipment.
You can either input a maximum velocity or select a piece of equipment from the menu, in the latter case a usual velocity for such equipment will be used.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Economic optimization

Line Sizing using economical optimum diameter.
You can either input a maximum velocity or use an ecomomical optimization formula.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Chemical Software Part 2: Pressure Drop

Calculations

Straight Pipe

Calculators for pressure drop by flow through a straight pipe.
The diameter and wall roughness can be user defined or chosen from a listing of standard pipe sizes.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Pipe with Fittings

Calculators for pressure drop by flow through a pipe with fittings.
The number of fittings can be put in manually or estimated by the calculation routine using a correlation based on complexity and average plant data. Uses the 2-k methode for the pressure drop through the fittings, which is the best available method for both the laminar and turbulent flow.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Chemical Software Part 2: Heat Exchanger 2

Typical U - values

Fouling

Description of fouling mechanisms. Tips for decreasing the buildup and cleaning the surface are provided.
Link to information Information in New Window

Typical Fouling Factors

Tabulation of Fouling Factors for several fluids and applications.
Link to information Information in New Window

Fluid Allocation

Standard Tubesizes

Tabulation of the standard US tube sizes, BWG and wall thicknesses.
Link to information Information in New Window

Recommended Tube Layout Pitch

Tabulation of the standard US tube sizes and the recommended pitch.
Link to information Information in New Window

TEMA Designation

An overview of the TEMA designation describing type of Heat Exchangers.
Link to information Information in New Window

Chemical Software Part 2: Heat Exchanger 1

Calculations

Tentative Sizing

Online thermal calculator for tentative sizing.
Evaluate the number of shells to be used in series and a tentative heat exchange area needed for the specified duty. This is a starting point to use in the iterative Thermal Rating calculations.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Thermal Rating

Thermal Rating for a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
Online calculators to perform iterative thermal rating calculations for shell and tube heat exchangers. The calculators are quite sophisticated and, although they have been made user friendly, require sufficient knowledge of Heat Exchangers. Will save you an incredible amount of calculation work.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Heat Transfer Coefficient Inside a Tube

Calculation for the inside heat transfer coefficient for a tube.
Performs online calculation for the heat transfer coefficient inside the tube and the pressure drop. To get both is convenient to obtain a compromise between the heat transfer and pressure drop.
Link to Calculation Form Calculation Form in New Window

Chemical Software Part 1: Kinetics Database

This page from NIST.GOV

Chemical Kinetics Database on the Web

Standard Reference Database 17, Version 7.0 (Web Version), Release 1.3

A compilation of kinetics data on gas-phase reactions

Reaction Database Quick Search Form

Enter the reactant(s) and/or product(s) in the fields below. Fields may be left blank.